A social phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present, assuming someone else will take responsibility. Increased bystanders often result in decreased likelihood of individual intervention.
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A complex emotion involving joy derived from witnessing others’ misfortune or failure, often rooted in comparison or rivalry, providing a fleeting sense of satisfaction or superiority over the perceived suffering of others.
The strong urge to do the opposite of what makes sense, often leading to behaviors that seem inappropriate or counterintuitive. It represents a subconscious force challenging rational thinking.